Study Guide for Test Three
Chapter 4 and some
additional information that any respectable textbook ought to have. I guess some of it is stuck in chapter 8.
1. Enzymes are usually made of what? What do enzymes
do? How do they do it?
2. Are enzymes altered or used up in a reaction?
3. Be able to name types of
potential and kinetic energy
4. Be able to explain the
meaning of these terms: reactant, product, substrate, catalyst,
activation energy, enzyme, denatured,
5. Are enzymes altered or used up by a reaction
6. What is a metabolic pathway? Why are the enzymes in a
pathway usually close to each other. What
happens to an enzyme at abnormally high temperature? What happens to
an enzyme at low or high pH numbers?
7. How do pH, temperature and concentration affect enzyme function?
8. How do enzymes speed up reactions?
Chapters 5 and 6
1. What is metabolism? Is it higher when you are younger
or older
2. What is G3P
3A. What are two anabolic that producers can use to make
macromolecules? (Hint: One involves sunlight, the other does not) Which one is more common in most of the ecosystems on earth?
3B. Compare photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Which one puts CO2 into the air? Which
one takes it from the air? Which one produces O2? Which one uses O2?
4. What are the input
molecules (the reactants) for photosynthesis? What are the outputs?
5. What are the input
molecules (the reactants) for cellular metabolism? What are the
outputs?
6. What type of organisms can do photosynthesis? (i.e.
by themselves, without symbiosis or stealing or organelles)
7. What is a catabolic reaction? What is an anabolic
reaction?
8. What types of organisms can do photosynthesis
9. Do producers or consumers have mitochondria? What is
the organelle where the last two stages of cellular respiration
happen? Where does the first stage happen
10. Why does Krebs require oxygen? Why does oxidative
phosphorylation require oxygen?
11. What molecule is the main carrier of energy within cells
12. What are NADH and FADH2 used for in the cell?
13. Which of the three stages of cellular respiration creates the most
ATP?
14. In what organelle does photosynthesis happen
15. What are the two stages of photosynthesis? Which one
happens in the membrane of the thylacoids? Which
one happens in the stroma
16. Which stage of photosynthesis makes ATP and NADH? Which
stage breaks water molecules and releases oxygen?
17. Which stage of photosynthesis does carbon
fixation? Where does it get the energy to do this? What
is the output molecule from this process?
18. Where do the light reactions happen? Where does
the calvin cycle
happen?
19. Where does glycolysis happen? Where do the Krebs cycle
and oxidative phosphorylation happen?
20. Does photosynthesis use electron transport chains? Does
metabolism use electron transport chains? What do these chains do
with the energy from the electrons?
21. What powers ATP synthase?
22. Where in the chloroplast do we have a high concentration of
hydrogen ions?
23. Where in the mitochondria do we have a high concentration of
hydrogen ions?
24. Why is oxygen used as the electron receptor at the end of the
electron transport chain?
25. How many turns of the calvin cycle
are needed to make 3GP
26. know ALL the inputs and
outputs of glycolysis. Where does it happen? What happens
to the pyruvate?
27. What happens to the high energy electrons released in glycolysis
and krebs? What
molecule absorbs those electrons?
28. What does Oxidative Phosphorylation use electrons
for? What energy carrying molecule donates those
electrons? Where what process gave the electrons to this energy
carrier molecule?
29. Know the meaning of the terms diffusion &
osmosis. Know when (i.e. under what conditions) they happen?
30. What organisms are capable of photosynthesis?
31. What is RUBISCO? What is it’s
job? What molecule can interefer with doing that job?
32. What is photorespiration, and under what conditions
does it usually occur?
33. C4 and CAM are both water saving strategies that some plants
use. Be able to explain HOW they
work. Which one involves only opening
stomata at night when it is cool? Which
one separates the CO2 gathering mesophyll cells from the bundle cells that do
carbon fixation?
Have no fear, we’ll still
talk about the cool genetics stuff in chapters 9…..we’re just doing that as
part of Test 4.
Chapter 9 (the mitosis
bits) & Chapter 11
we’re
skipping chapter 10….too much cancer stuff.
1.
What do these terms mean? chromatin, chromosome,
doubled chromosome, chromatid, tetrad, centromere, autosomes, sex chromosomes,
homologous pairs, haploid, diploid, n, 1n, 2n, zygote
2.
What are gametes and somatic cells?
3.
Know the order of the stages of mitosis and meiosis
4.
What are the cells made by mitosis used for? What are
the cells made by meiosis used for?
5.
Know what happens to the nucleus, chromosomes, and spindle fibers
at each stage of mitosis and meiosis. Be able to identify drawings
of those stages.
6.
What do the terms parent cell and daughter cell mean?
7.
What is cytokinesis? When does it start?
8.
What does it mean when we say cells spend most of their time in
interphase?
9.
What are the three stages of interphase? What happens
in each of them?
10. can proteins regulate
cell division? What is the relationship
between regulatory proteins and cancer?
11. What is a tumor? What makes a tumor benign? What does it mean when we say a tumor is
malignant? What does it mean when we say
a cancer has metastasized?
12. Be able to explain how chemotherapy
and radiation work, and why they can have side effects like hair loss, nausea
and skin lesions.
13. How do mitosis and
meiosis differ?
14. what does it mean when
we say that a sperm is 1n and a normal cell is 2n?
15. What is binary
fission? What type of organisms use binary fission? Is it
more like mitosis or meiosis?
16. How are metaphase and
anaphase in meiosis I different from metaphase and anaphase of meiosis II
17. What is
non-disjunction? How can it cause chromosomal abnormalities?
18. What are sex chromosomes? What
are autosomes? Which sex chromosomes cause a male
offspring? Which cause a female offspring?
19. What is crossing over?
20. How do metaphase and
anaphase differ in the first and second division of meiosis
21. What are polar bodies