Study Guide for Lab Tests
Microscopes
and Cells:
Know
the parts of the microscopes and how they are used
Be
able to explain how light microscopes work and how electron microscopes work
Be
able to calculate magnification rates
Know
the names of organelles and what they are used for in cells
Taxonomy
Know
what a dichotymous key is. Be able to construct
one
Be
able to list at least three things that can prevent a key from effectively
identifying a species
Diffusion
and Osmosis
Be
able to define the terms diffusion, osmosis, crenation,
plasmolysis, and turgor
pressure.
Be
able to explain what concentration gradients are and how they affect diffusion . How do they affect osmosis?
How
do temperature, particle size and molecule size affect rates of diffusion
Biological
molecules
Be
able to describe what biuret’s solution, benedict’s solution, sudan
stains and indophenols test for.
For
each, be able to explain how to conduct a test, and what a positive result
would look like.
Enzymes:
Be
able to define the terms enzyme, substrate, active site, inhibitor
Be
able to explain how temperature, pH and concentration affect enzyme activity.
be able to identify the substrates and products in the reactions
of this lab
respiration
what gas is released during
respiration?
what gas is taken in during
respiration?
do animals respire? do plants respire?
what organelle is most
important in respiration?
why was baralyme used in this experiment?
(i.e. what gas was it absorbing?)
this experiment indirectly
measured the use of what gas?
How does temperature affect the respiration rates of crickets?
photosynthesis
be able to explain what gasses are taken in and what gasses are
released during photosynthesis
Be able to explain what flourescence
is, why it occurs, and how this is related to photosynthesis.
know what color of light
chlorophyll emits when in floureseces.
Be able to explain why paper chromatography separates plant
pigments. Your answer should include molecule size
Explain how carbon dioxide can alter the pH of a solution
dna
puzzle/codon
know the parts of a DNA codon and the parts of an RNA codon
be able to give three ways that DNA and RNA differ
be able to read the codon chart to
determine what amino acid should be used in a protein
know the meaning of the terms
transcription, translation, template and compliment.
know the roles of RNA
polymerase, ribosomes, mRNA, rRNA,
and tRNA
mitosis
know the four phases of
mitosis
know what happens to the
spindle fibers, nuclear envelope and chromosomes during each of these stages
be able to explain how cytokinesis in
plants differs from cytokinesis in animals
transcription & translation
Be able to explain the effects of frame shift mutations and
point mutations
which types of mutations can
create (or get rid of) start and stop codons?
Which type of mutation is less likely to destroy a protein
Plant Adaptations
Be able to explain three ways that plants can compete for light,
giving examples of plants that use each of these methods.
Be able to give examples of methods plants use to shed excess
water.
Be able to explain and give several examples of how leaf and
stem modifications can help plants conserve water
How do C4 and CAM methods save water
List four kinds of carnivorous plants, what type of nutrients
they are trying to get, and what methods they use to trap prey
Be able to list examples of ways plants can protect themselves
through physical or chemical traits.
Explain the ways that plants can attract pollenators
with scent, food, and mimicry. What
types of organisms do they use as pollinators.
Animal Adaptations
Be able to list examples of suspension/filtration feeding in invertebrates,
birds, and mammals
Be able to define the terms herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, detrivore, and substrate feeder
Be able to give examples of invertebrates and vertebrates that
are fluid feeders
Explain some of the skeletal adaptations that are seen in bulk
feeders
Describe the structure of snake fangs, and the effects of their
venom
Describe the tooth structure of herbivores, carnivores and
omnivores
What is a carnassial? What
living animals have the largest ones?
Describe three different types of herbivore digestive systems,
and give examples of the animals using them.
Explain the ways that animals can protect themselves with
horns/antlers/fangs, protective coverings, coloring, and symbiosis
Be able to give examples of animals using warning coloration, batsian and mullerian
mimicry.
What are the most common warning colors